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Discoterror: The Grey Lady Goes Underground |
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Disco-Dining the Night Away (excerpt) By Lisa W. Foderaro Published: December 1, 1989 New York TImes Sound Factory The first thing you notice when you walk into this monumental space is the mirrored disco ball, fully four feet in diameter, that rotates slowly from the center of the ceiling, shooting shards of light around the dance floor. That and the beat of the music, which can be heard even before entering, signal the sole purpose of the club: dancing. In fact, there are no tables for talking, no menu to order from, not even a liquor license. Instead, the 1,500 people who pack this disco well past dawn, doing some of the most stylish, uninhibited dancing in the city, recharge at the juice bar with fruit punch, iced tea and soda. Sound Factory is open only on Fridays and Saturdays, but it remains open longer than any other club, sometimes until noon on Sundays. Typically, there is a surge in attendance after 4 A.M., when most clubs in the city close. Who stays up that late? ''People who take a lot of naps,'' said an owner, Christina Visca. Beware the thundering sound system, which fills the cavernous room with house music and, in the early morning, 70's disco tunes. ''I love to feel the music trembling in my feet and chest,'' shouted Timothy Henry, a 27-year-old police officer from Queens, beneath swiveling columns of teal, rose and purple light. The owners, aware that the raw energy of the streets can spill into the club, frisk all patrons at the door. The club - at 530 West 27th Street, between 10th and 11th Avenues - is open Fridays from 10 P.M. to 6 A.M. and Saturdays from midnight to the time the dancing finally stops. The cover charge is $5 before midnight and $15 afterward on Fridays, $18 on Saturdays. On Saturday nights the crowd is predominantly gay. Information: 643-0728. |
Dark Side to New York's Neon Clubs By Felicia R. Lee Published: September 13, 1990 New York Times The four-man police car cruised slowly down a block filled with young men and women laughing, smoking languidly or perfecting their stylized aerobic prancing to the beat of ''house music'' from a nearby nightclub. The car crept by. No one broke rhythm. The club was the Red Zone on West 54th Street just hours before the Sunday dawn, but it could have been almost any club that caters to an under-25 crowd. There was no trouble in sight - not at the Red Zone, not at several other Manhattan clubs visited Saturday night - only the usual mixture of loud music, winsome flirting and energetic dance routines. But talk to these young men and women, and they sometimes speak of danger - as if some clubs were neon cocktails mixed with equal parts vibrancy and violence. These are the clubs they try to avoid, they say, places where young gang members congregate, where people wear lots of gold, where there have been fights, stabbings and shootings. This darker side has been at the heart of growing public concern about New York's nightclubs. That concern was crystallized last week by the killing of a Utah tourist and the arrest of eight young men who the police say assaulted the tourist's family to get money to go to the Roseland Ballroom on West 52d Street in Manhattan. But in recent months there have been hundreds of complaints about noise and violence from residents living near nightclubs across the city. New Security Measures In response, the police have increased patrols at some clubs, and club owners have taken a variety of security measures - installing metal detectors, searching patrons, checking age identification more carefully and turning away people who look as if they would rather fight than dance. The troublemakers, clubgoers say, are members of gangs with names like Thirty-six Mob, Vandals of Destruction and DTC, and sometimes they commit robberies to raise the $15 cover that many clubs charge. They join the loosely organized groups, known as posses or crews, for the social life and for protection from other gangs. Inside the clubs fights, fueled by alcohol, can break out, sometimes over women or over perceived insults to manhood, and sometimes between rival gangs. The clubgoers say, however, that the menace has been exaggerated by news organizations and that most of the trouble occurs outside the nightclubs. Some patrons also suggest that some people are simply uncomfortable around the large groups of black and Hispanic youths who frequent the clubs. ''You know where to go and where not to go,'' said Yvette Dumenigo, a 19-year-old bank teller from Middletown, N.Y., who comes into the city nearly every weekend with friends to go dancing at clubs like the Palladium, the Sound Factory, Quick and Mars. On Saturday night she was at the Red Zone, one of the clubs that have prompted complaints about noise. 'The Gold-Chain Crew' When asked how to tell who the hoodlums are, Ms. Dumenigo gave the same answer as many other clubgoers: ''By all the gold that they wear.'' Two police cars were parked in front of Bedrox, a club at 316 West 49th Street, early Sunday morning, a somber reminder of the undercurrent of tension. Adam, the general manager of the club, said it was reopening under new management on Sept. 21. There have been problems in the past with fighting outside the club, he said. ''Because of what happened at Roseland, that's the reason the police are here,'' said Adam, who does not use a last name. ''They're afraid the spillover will come here. In club language we call them the hip-hop kids - the gold-chain crew. It's a crowd that just comes to fight.'' Angel Garcia, 20, a store clerk who came to the Red Zone with his friends Benny and Israel from the Upper West Side of Manhattan, was skeptical about reports of violence in clubs. Seeking Protection ''All this stuff about the gangs and the clubs and the violence, I just don't know,'' said Mr. Garcia. ''They're not really gangs, they're more like just groups that hang out together for protection. The trouble is outside. Usually about girls.'' Some of New York's 202 licensed nightclubs have come under increased scrutiny since the Sept. 2 slaying of Brian Watkins during a subway robbery. The police said Mr. Watkins, a tourist from Provo, Utah, was robbed by eight members of a Queens gang called FTS, an abbreviation for a vulgar expression. Gang members wanted money so they could go dancing at Roseland, the police said. After the shooting, Roseland's management said it was ending its disco nights because of pressure from community groups that had complained about the noise and violence. City officials have received 1,500 complaints so far this year about nightclubs and discotheques that attract large crowds of youths. Complaints from Neighbors The city's Department of Consumer Affairs has received complaints about 18 clubs in the last six months, all but two of them in Manhattan. Bedrox and the Red Zone were on the list. The complaints are mostly from residents and mostly about noise, parking problems and litter or about being harassed or robbed by patrons. Maurice Brahms, a spokesman for the Red Zone, said residents who complain are simply unwilling to coexist with a nightclub. ''There is no violence here; there is none,'' Mr. Brahms said. ''The problem the neighbors complain about is noise. But in nine visits from the Environmental Control Board we've had one violation, for a noisy air conditioner.'' Early Saturday morning, a 20-year-old man was killed in a drive-by shooting outside the Emerald City nightclub at 617 West 57th Street in Manhattan. In 1988, 14 people were shot in two separate incidents at the club when it was known as The Red Parrot. One club that has stepped up security is the Island Club at 285 West Broadway in TriBeCa, where patrons must submit to a hand-held metal detector and a search of their pockets or handbags before gaining entry. Inside the club, where a thatched roof covers the bar and palm fronds gaily decorate the wall, the mood was mellow on Saturday night, but some regulars said things can get rough outside. In June, one person was killed and five were wounded when someone fired through a door into the club. It was the third time in the last two years that someone was shot to death at Island. ''Once people get outside, you have no control over what happens,'' said Michael Junior, a 22-year-old grocery-store stockman from Far Rockaway, Queens. Mr. Junior said he comes to the club every night because his brother works there. He said trouble at clubs is mostly caused by teen-agers who carry weapons and who feel they must prove their manhood by fighting. Cliques and Posses ''The younger kids nowadays feel they have to live up to the image of the typical New York teen-ager - to be on the streets, to do crime,'' Mr. Junior said. ''What we have are cliques, posses. You have kids from neighborhoods who hold down their neighborhoods, not allowing any other people from the outside to come in and cause a disturbance because this is our neighborhood. Nowadays, everyone has a weapon.'' Still, there are plenty of people like Ms. Dumenigo, the bank teller, who simply goes out to have a good time. She finds all the old-fashioned ingredients of romance and excitement under the modern flashing lights. ''I like the way the people here look and I like the music,'' said Ms. Dumenigo, who sat with friends overlooking the big wooden dance floor inside the smoky haze of the Red Zone. ''These places are fun.'' |
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Discomania? Some Say It's Really Discoterror By Marvine Howe Published: June 4, 1992 New York Times CHELSEA by day is a more or less tranquil community, where residents tend to their town houses and tulips and go about their business without much fuss. By night, the pace of life quickens a bit when young disco-goers come into what has become Manhattan's disco district. What exactly happens at night is a matter of some debate. Residents say the club-goers are boisterious, fight, set off car alarms, trample gardens, litter sidewalks and sometimes even urinate in hallways. The club owners say the complaints are greatly exaggerated. Either way, the coexistence of day and night people has been uneasy ever since the clubs moved into Chelsea's waterfront area five years ago, gradually giving Chelsea the largest concentration of large discos in the city, plus its fair share of smaller clubs. Fourteen discos have an average capacity of 600 and the Sound Factory can accommodate 1,350. The disco district is situated mainly in the strip of giant warehouses, garages and abandoned manufacturing plants west of 10th Avenue between 14th and 34th Streets. But since most disco-goers use public transportation, they cross Chelsea's residential district by the thousands all night long and beyond 4 A.M., when most of the clubs close. Some residents say they are terrified. After receiving a barrage of letters, complaints and petitions from Chelsea residents, Community Board 4's Disco Task Force and State Assemblyman Richard Gottfried have organized a public hearing on the problem for tonight, to be co-sponsored by State Senators Manfred Ohrenstein and Franz S. Leichter and City Councilman Thomas K. Duane. "We want to find out where the rights of club owners end and the rights of the neighborhood begin," says Julie Spiegelberger, legislative aide to Mr. Gottfried. The clubs say they are being wrongly accused. Robert Bookman, a lawyer who has long represented the industry, argues that "clubs cannot control what happens in the streets." "We think we do remarkably well in providing a safe and fun environment for New Yorkers and tourists, given the hours we're open and the large numbers of young people we serve," he said. Not many Chelsea citizens agree with Mr. Bookman's idea of safe fun. The weekly Chelsea Clinton News regularly reports stabbings, knifings and muggings in the disco zone. "We're not fuddy-duddies," said Katie Kelly, a freelance writer and former entertainment critic for NBC. "We welcome the friendly presence of small clubs and gay bars. What we hate is the giant discos that bring noise, destruction and mayhem." Ms. Kelly's angry letters to city officials last fall started the current anti-disco campaign in Chelsea. The two "galvanizing events" were the Hell's Angels benefit on Oct. 18 at the Marquee on 10th Avenue and 21st Street, when 1,500 motorcycles roared in and out of the neighborhood; and the Thanksgiving weekend violence, starting with an early morning rampage by hundreds of youths streaming out of Tracks on 19th Street and 10th Avenue and culminating in a dispute at Tracks, which the police said left one man shot dead and two people seriously wounded. "We felt something had to be done," recalled Marla Perkel, a former auxiliary police officer who records biology texts for the blind. She and Ms. Kelly drafted a petition that says, "No more discos in Chelsea," and have collected more than 1,000 signatures. Responding to the community's pleas, the police have made a number of arrests around the clubs in the last several months, said Capt. Hugh E. O'Rourke, commanding officer of the 10th Precinct. But he said the problem should be addressed in the zoning and licensing process. Timothy R. Gay, task force chairman, said more controls and community oversight of discos was needed. "We don't aim to close down all discos," he said. "We want them to become responsible members of the community." Some club owners say they want to work with the community. Richard Grant, manager of the giant Sound Factory, said his club usually attracts mature gay patrons, and closed down the Friday night programs a few weeks ago, when it attracted a spillover of aggressive young people from neighboring clubs. The Roxy, a huge roller-skating disco at 515 West 18th Street, is committed to "a long-term relationship with the community," said its manager, Morgan McClean, who regularly attends the community board's meetings. He said the club had imposed a minimum age of 21, put extra lighting under the train trestle and swept the street regularly. A sign outside urges patrons "to be orderly and considerate of our neighbors." |
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Paris Has Burned By Jesse Green Published: April 18, 1993 New York Times LOOKING like endangered birds, the drag queens tottered on their heels as they entered -- "a bit early in the day for we girls," said one. It was noon on a recent Saturday at the Sound Factory Bar on West 21st Street, and they were attending a memorial for Angie Xtravaganza. One of her children, Hector Xtravaganza, kept breaking down in tears. "It's not just her, it's all of them," he said. "My entire gay childhood is disintegrating before my eyes." Indeed, as some of the 100 mourners rose to reminisce, it was as if their whole world, the world of drag queens and voguing and ecstatic, elaborate balls, had died along with Angie. Though she was only 27, Angie had been a mother more than a dozen times. Not in the usual way; she was biologically male. "But a mother is one who raises a child, not one who borns it," Hector pointed out. And as mother of the House of Xtravaganza, Angie had taken many rejected, wayward, even homeless children under her wing; she had fed them, observed their birthdays, taught them all about "walking the balls." Competing in categories like High-Fashion Eveningwear and Alexis vs. Krystle, Angie was legendary, a Queen among queens, achieving in fantasy what the world had denied her in reality. Drag balls, the product of a poor, gay and mostly nonwhite culture, had been held in Harlem since the 1920's. But it wasn't until Jennie Livingston's award-winning documentary, "Paris Is Burning," was released in 1991 that anyone outside that world knew much about them. By then it was almost too late. For Angie Xtravaganza, such fame as she achieved in the two years following the film's release could not be savored: the AIDS-related liver disease that eventually killed her was already destroying her hard-won femininity. "She had spots all over, like a Dalmatian," Hector said. "And she had to stop taking the hormones that made her look soft, because they're what really ate her up." In later pictures, you can see the masculine lines of her face re-emerging despite the high collars and makeup. But it wasn't just Angie. Before filming was even completed in 1989, her "main daughter," Venus, a frail transsexual who in the movie dreamed of marriage and a home "in the Peekskills," was found strangled under a bed in a hotel. Since then, Kim Pendavis, filmed sewing his costumes, has died of a heart attack though he was only in his 20's. Of nine featured players, five are gone or going. Paris is no longer burning. It has burned. And not only because of the casualties. No one needs to go to a ball to see drag anymore: Dame Edna Everage has television specials, Ru Paul mugs on the covers of magazines, fashion shows feature drag acts on the runway. No one needs to go to a ball to see voguing either, not since Madonna gobbled it up, appropriating two Xtravaganzas in the process. Once mainstream America began to copy a subculture that was copying it, the subculture itself was no longer of interest to a wider audience, and whatever new opportunites existed for the principals dried up. After one show last year at the jazz club Sweetwaters, Octavia St. Laurent, for instance, returned to dancing behind glass at the Show Palace. And the balls, which had moved downtown in their moment of fame, have mostly moved back to Harlem. The film's critical and financial success should therefore not be taken for the success of its subjects. "The truth is, though I didn't get rich, I am now a film maker," said Ms. Livingston, 31. "And that's something I wasn't before. It doesn't mean it's easy to get money. But I am educated and I am white so I have the ability to write those grants and push my little body through whatever door I need to get it through." And drag queens can't. "If they wanted to make a film about themselves, they would not be able," said Ms. Livingston, who grew up in Los Angeles and is a graduate of Yale University. "I wish that weren't so, but that's the way society is structured." In fact, other than Willi Ninja, the movie's star dancer, who has stitched together a career including choreography, fashion and music, the characters Ms. Livingston presented remain, at best, where they were when filmed. Angie Xtravaganza's memorial made that all too plain. A shrine had been set up in the back of the room: flowers, photographs and, on a pedestal, a pair of Angie's favorite earrings. Behind them stood a huge funeral wreath, a giant X of blood-red carnations that seemed to stand for more than Xtravanganza. Almost unnoticed was a simple basket of white and purple lilies. "To all who loved Angie," the florist's card read. It was from Ms. Livingston and her co-producer, Barry Swimar, who were in England to raise money for new projects, including a satirical drama about the way movies depict violence against women. Perhaps it was just as well they couldn't attend. There is a lot of anger in the ball world about "Paris Is Burning." Some of it concerns what a few critics have called exploitation: making the lives of poor black and Latino people into a commodity for white consumption. "The complaint is somewhat unfounded," Ms. Livingston said, "as it was largely a gay audience, which included blacks and Latinos, that made the movie successful." "Anyway," Ms. Livingston continued, "I don't believe you have to be one thing to make a film about it. I'm white, yes, but I'm an openly queer, female director, and I can't think of anything more out of the mainstream. I'm sorry, but I do not think I have the same relationship to the ruling class as a straight man." But most of the anger centers on money. "I love the movie, I watch it more than often, and I don't agree that it exploits us," said Pepper LaBeija, 44, whose braggadocio and fierce but fey style made him a standout in "Paris Is Burning." "But I feel betrayed. When Jennie first came, we were at a ball, in our fantasy, and she threw papers at us. We didn't read them, because we wanted the attention. We loved being filmed. Later, when she did the interviews, she gave us a couple hundred dollars. But she told us that when the film came out we would be all right. There would be more coming. "And that made me think I would have enough money for a car and a nice apartment and for my kids' education. Because a number of years ago, to please my mother, I took a little break from being a 24-hour drag queen, and so I have a daughter, 15, and a son ready for college. But then the film came out and -- nothing. They all got rich, and we got nothing." Miramax, which released the film, said that "Paris Is Burning" grossed slightly more than $4 million at theaters in the United States. This is not much compared to a Hollywood hit but is exceptional for a documentary that cost only $500,000, including $175,000 for music clearances, to make. Ms. Livingston would not say how much money she made from the movie. "There was a rumor in the ball world -- and this delights me -- that I now have a house on Long Island next to Calvin and Kelly Klein," she said. "But the truth is I live about the same as I did, except that I used to be chronically about three months late in paying the rent, and now I'm more or less on time." STILL, all but two of the movie's surviving principals -- Willi Ninja and Dorian Corey -- hired lawyers to try to cash in on the film's success. The largest claim came from Paris DuPree, who sought $40 million for unauthorized and fraudulent use of her services. Though she is never named on camera and appears for less than three of the movie's 76 minutes, her 1986 ball, called Paris Is Burning, provided the title for the film and is extensively featured in it. But like all of the others, she had signed a release, and her lawyer dropped the matter. "There's no obligation, in a documentary, to pay your subjects," Ms. Livingston said. "The journalistic ethic says you should not pay them. On the other hand, these people are giving us their lives! How do you put a price on that?" Somehow, she did. Ms. Livingston said that even before the threats of lawsuits, she had decided to pay about $55,000 to 13 performers, based on how long each appeared on screen. And in 1991, after the claims against her had been dropped, the money was distributed. "I think Jennie has complied with the spirit and with the literal representations she made along the way," said Peggy Brady, a lawyer who represented Ms. Livingston's production company. "Besides, in our society, we try to encourage the free exchange of information." Pepper LaBeija was not appeased: "The $5,000 I got was hush money. We didn't have no choice but to take it. And $1,500 went to my lawyer for doing nothing." He paused, and the musical, swaggering tone familiar from the film returned to his voice. "But at least it brought me international fame. I do love that. Walking down the street, people stop me all the time. Which was one of my dreams doing the drags in the first place. "What hurts is that I'm famous but not rich. A California magazine said I had sued Miramax and won untold millions and was seen shopping with Diana Ross on Rodeo Drive in a Rolls. But I really just live in the Bronx with my mom. And I am so desperate to get out of here! It's hard to be the mother of a house while you're living with your own mother. Why couldn't they give us $10,000 apiece?" Ms. Livingston defended the size of the payments. "If they'd been actors in a dramatic film the size of 'Paris Is Burning,' they would have made a whole lot less," she said. Of course, if 'Paris Is Burning' had been a drama, Ms. Livingston might have earned a whole lot more. As it is, she said she had seen nothing beyond her guarantee. "If we get more money, in all likelihood we'll distribute more money." Mr. Swimar said. But nothing is likely to smooth Pepper LaBeija's feathers. If the best documentarian never fully captures her subjects, it's also true that best subjects never fully accept being captured. "Oh yes, to this day a lot of the girls hate Miss Jennie, but that's just greed," said Dorian Corey, by all accounts the star of the movie. She is sitting in a makeshift dressing room at Sally's II, a drag bar just west of Times Square on 43d Street, applying stage makeup over her street makeup -- there's not much difference -- in preparation for her Thursday night show. "Junior LaBeija pitched a bitch in The Amsterdam News, saying he wanted $50,000 because he was the star of the movie. But the Bette Davis money just wasn't there. I'll tell you who is making out is those clever Miramaxes. But I didn't do it for money anyway: I did it for fun. Always have." She dabbed white greasepaint on her eyelids. "You see I was in show business for years, so when my 15 minutes finally came, it was gravy. And what I got from the publicity tour you couldn't buy. They paid the hotels and limos. I didn't even buy cigs; I just signed. I got to be a star! In Boston, the black children were coming up to me with tears in their eyes! It did whet my appetite, and I hoped that crazy little Jennie would have done a sequel, because once you do something big, you want to do it again. But what I got was plenty, and the rest is just bitter onions." The room in which Dorian would emcee her "Drag Doll Review" was dim and dingy, encrusted with the detritus of many louche incarnations: amorous murals, go-go lights, mirror balls, boudoir lamps. Drag queens of every size and style huddled around the bar, trying to stir up business from average-looking men in dull business attire. From "Paris Is Burning" it might not be evident that this is part of the drag world, too; yet more than one of the movie's leads can often be found here, looking for customers. "Welcome to Sally's II," said Dorian drily. "The original, just down the block, burned down." She narrowed her eyes. "And when this one burns, we'll move on up the way." At 55 -- "Put me down as 27 and say it's a two-for-one sale, honey," -- Dorian comes from a different age of drag than most of the others in "Paris Is Burning." "These children, it's a new world now. Most of them make their money turning tricks. It's that or starve! I myself" -- she pulled off her red shift and shimmied into a sequined floor-length magenta dress with rhinestone spaghetti straps -- "am lucky to have avoided all that. I'm an old farm girl, from Buffalo, and when you've had that healthy beginning, you don't go the same way." Dorian slipped into a pair of gold pumps, then poured jewelry from a bag onto the Formica counter. "And today it's so risky, with the almighty shadow opening the door." She arched one enormous eyebrow in deference to AIDS. "Even I have to the worry. I've had such a torrid past. So now I'm a VCR queen, if you know what I'm saying. You don't have to give a VCR breakfast." She examined some delicate fake pearl earrings, then rejected them in favor of a pair with four-inch dangling rhinestone strands, which kept falling off. "I'm not trying to look real," she said, getting out the glue. And, true enough, with her platinum wig and elaborate eyes, she looked like a cross between Tina Turner and Barbara Cartland, albeit with stubble in the cleavage of her silicone-enhanced breasts. "I love all that madness," Dorian said. "Ru Paul, Lypsinka, Liz Smith. But I tell the children to think very serious, and if it's at all possible avoid the drag life," Dorian said. "It's a heartache life. If you do pursue it, make sure you get your education, some kind of skill. I always supported myself with my sewing. But the oldest profession is still the easiest, though there's nothing so pitiful as a 50-year-old prostitute. It's a one-way street with a very bad end." But her advice seemed to go as unheeded as her show at Sally's. Opening with "It's Today" from "Mame," she had to signal the sound man to turn up the volume in hopes of commandeering attention. Occasionally, when one the patrons did take notice, he would approach Dorian in midsong and stuff some dollar bills down the front of her dress. Dorian didn't even blink. She got a better response at Angie's memorial. It had been a painful afternoon, but when Dorian walked toward the shrine in her fur hat, sunglasses, rain jacket and purse, she was greeted with a huge round of applause. She was, after all, another legendary mother. "It's O.K., children," she drawled, "because Angie's got something now that we've lost: a little beauty, a little peace. And it's gonna be hotter and better up there." Drag is variously explained as destruction of the male within or the female without. For Dorian and for many of Angie's other mourners, drag is not a means of destruction but of rescue -- a little beauty, however perverse and rococo. This is the achievement that Ms. Livingston indelibly recorded: the victory of imagination over poverty. But the victory is Pyrrhic at best. The movie's title may come from the name of Paris DuPree's ball, by which she meant only that the competition would be hot, but the phrase itself has a darker history. "Paris brennt?" ("Is Paris burning?") Hitler asked , wondering whether the city had fallen. And though Paris, France survived, the Paris of Ms. Livingston's movie -- and all it depicted -- may not. The mirror ball kept spinning at the Sound Factory Bar. It wasn't until after 3 o'clock that everyone who wanted to speak had spoken. The crowd went quiet. A man asked everyone to hold hands in a circle. "Remember," he said. "We are all legends." |
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Angie Xtravaganza. Pictures of Dorian Corey and other legends from Sally's Hideaway are online at photographer Brian Lantelme's tribute site. |
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All articles copyright The New York Times, reproduced under fair use. |
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